On average, PSA increased by about 0.3 to 0.5 ng/mL after 12 months of testosterone therapy. Understanding how common these increases are—and what they mean—helps patients and doctors make informed choices. Many are mild, temporary, and part of the body’s normal adjustment to higher testosterone levels. A rise in PSA can cause concern because higher levels can sometimes point to prostate problems, including cancer. This rise is usually small and reflects the prostate adjusting to normal hormone levels again. Therefore, understanding how TRT may affect PSA levels and, by extension, prostate health, is crucial for anyone considering or already undergoing this therapy. Because PSA levels are often elevated in men with prostate cancer, health care providers use PSA blood measurements to screen for and monitor prostate cancer. Many men show little or no change in PSA, especially if their baseline levels and prostate health are normal. In summary, testosterone therapy can raise PSA levels slightly, especially early in treatment, but this is usually a mild and temporary effect. Normalizing testosterone in men with low levels does not seem to increase the risk of cancer starting in the first place. This concern came from older studies in the 1940s that showed lowering testosterone slowed cancer growth in men who already had advanced prostate cancer. Before starting testosterone therapy, your doctor will ask about your overall health. Doctors use these results to determine whether your PSA levels are within the normal range or if they are elevated. Typically, higher levels of PSA in the blood might suggest that something is going on with the prostate. By introducing external testosterone, TRT helps balance hormone levels, which can improve symptoms like low energy, mood swings, and decreased libido. This includes lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and other habits that can help maintain a healthy prostate. You should go over your medical history, any risk factors you may have for prostate issues, and have a baseline PSA test. Regular testing allows doctors to track any changes in PSA and take action if needed. This can be an unhealthy and often unnecessary fixation, especially because most men who think their penises are too small have perfectly normal-sized penises. Most studies show that the biggest change in PSA happens within the first 3 to 6 months after starting testosterone therapy. Newer studies suggest that once a man’s testosterone level is in the normal range, adding more does not necessarily make prostate cells grow faster. In the mid-20th century, medical experts believed that testosterone "fed" prostate cancer. Doctors still monitor PSA closely, not because testosterone therapy is known to cause cancer, but because any unexpected or fast-rising PSA needs careful investigation. Because PSA is a protein released by the prostate into the bloodstream, even a slight increase in prostate activity can lead to a mild rise in PSA levels. Given the concern about prostate cancer, medical guidelines have been developed to ensure that TRT is used safely. During TRT, your doctor will likely check your PSA levels regularly to ensure they remain within a normal range. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate, and elevated levels can indicate prostate issues, including cancer. While the latest research is reassuring, it's still important for men on TRT to monitor their prostate health regularly. The connection between TRT and prostate cancer has been studied for many years. When people hear about Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT), one of the first concerns that often comes up is whether TRT can cause prostate cancer. For example, if BPH is causing the elevated levels, treatment might include medications to shrink the prostate or improve urine flow.